WG-EMM-12

CCAMLR has agreed to consider and develop a feedback management approach for the krill fishery. Such a management approach may also require the development of a new or extended monitoring programme for dependent species, especially if the krill fishery is to operate over large spatial scales and in areas where no existing monitoring, including CEMP monitoring, is present. Here we consider some Read More
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Ms Doro Forck (CCAMLR Secretariat)

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So far this season (2011/12), nine vessels from Chile, China, Japan, Korea and Norway have fished for krill in Area 48; one vessel is using the continuous fishing system. The total catch reported to May 2012 was 78468 t, mostly taken from Subarea 48.1 in December, April and May. Seven vessels were fishing, at the time of preparing this report, and 935 t of krill has been reported so far for Read More
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Sarah Mackey (CCAMLR Secretariat)

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Notification of Chile’s intent to conduct krill fishing in 2012/13

Notification of China’s intent to conduct krill fishing in 2012/13

Notification of Germany’s intent to conduct krill fishing in 2012/13

Notification of Japan’s intent to conduct krill fishing in 2012/13

Notification of Korea’s intent to conduct krill fishing in 2012/13

Notification of Norway’s intent to conduct krill fishing in 2012/13

Notification of Poland’s intent to conduct krill fishing in 2012/13

Notification of Ukraine’s intent to conduct krill fishing in 2012/13

Updated ICESCAPE routines are submitted and a short review of the software is presented. Several recent studies indicate the usefulness of ICESCAPE for standardising Adélie penguin population counts taken at potentially different points in a breeding season. Such standardisation admits the possibility of, for the first time, comparing Adélie penguin population counts across space and time for Read More
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Ms Doro Forck (CCAMLR Secretariat)

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We have developed a Geographic Information System (GIS) and accompanying metadata to provide standardised and accessible information on the location and extent of spatial fisheries management measures in the Southern Ocean.  We used the GIS in combination with catch data and the results of the 2007 CCAMLR bioregionalisation exercise to examine the relative spatial distribution of fishing Read More
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Sarah Mackey (CCAMLR Secretariat)

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The breeding performance of seabirds and seals at Bird Island, South Georgia, in the Southern Ocean, has been recorded annually for over two decades as part of a large marine ecosystem monitoring programme. We examined the mechanistic relationships between, and patterns of inter-annual variability in variables for four species to evaluate their potential as ecosystem indicators. These Read More
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Sarah Mackey (CCAMLR Secretariat)

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We analysed summer diet and fledging mass of macaroni penguins Eudyptes chrysolophus breeding at Bird Island, South Georgia during the crèche period (January and February) between 1989 and 2010. Crustaceans were the main prey accounting for over 90 % of the diet by mass. Antarctic krill (Euphausia superba) was the main prey in 17 out of 22 years. Amphipods (Themisto Read More
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Sarah Mackey (CCAMLR Secretariat)

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The Western Antarctica Peninsula and Scotia Sea ecosystems appear to be driven by complex links between climatic variables, primary productivity, krill and avian predators. There are several studies reporting statistical relationships between climate, krill and penguins population size. The Adélie (Pygoscelis adeliae). Chinstrap (P. antarctica) and Gentoo (P. papua) Read More
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Sarah Mackey (CCAMLR Secretariat)

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The Commission for the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources (CCAMLR) aims to develop a feedback approach to aid Ecosystem Based Management (EBM) of the Antarctic krill fishery in the Southern Ocean. Feedback approaches in fisheries management usually include harvest control rules (HCRs) which are derived from control theory. Model Predictive Control (MPC) optimises control rules Read More
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Sarah Mackey (CCAMLR Secretariat)

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CCAMLR’s working group on Ecosystem Monitoring and Management intends to evaluate candidate feedback management approaches for the Antarctic krill fishery in the southern Drake Passage and Scotia Sea. The Foosa ecosystem dynamics model was developed to perform spatially resolved, stochastic simulations of krill, its predators and fishery. It has been used to provide advice on the spatial Read More
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Sarah Mackey (CCAMLR Secretariat)

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Features of behavior, birthing process, pups nursing of Weddell seals were studied.

Studies of the growth (at birth to 21 days age) of young seals were conducted. Seven seals born in the “Akademik Vernadsky” station were used in the experiment (two males and five females). They were weighed every three days. The live weight was determined by using the obtained data in different periods Read More
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Sarah Mackey (CCAMLR Secretariat)

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We examined the within- and between- year fluctuations of four Adélie penguin population parameters which are thought to be sensitive to changes in prey availability: breeding success, foraging trip duration, meal mass and fledgling weights. Some years had either good breeding success with heavy fledglings or poor breeding success with light fledglings while others had a lack of concordance Read More
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Sarah Mackey (CCAMLR Secretariat)

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Benthic communities of the Terra Nova Bay area (Ross Sea) close to the Italian station Mario Zucchelli is located, have been largely investigated in the last couple of decades. All the acquired knowledge supports the presence of very rich and diversified communities. This has led to the establishment of an ASPA (N° 161).

The Antarctic scallop, Adamussium colbecki ( Read More
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Sarah Mackey (CCAMLR Secretariat)

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This document describes the aims and methodology of a three year project (commenced in 2012) entitled Net Escapement of Antarctic krill in Trawls (NEAT). The study will include a morphology based mathematical modeling (FISHSELECT) of different sex and maturity groups of Antarctic krill (Euphausia superba) to predict basic selective characteristics of different trawl Read More
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Sarah Mackey (CCAMLR Secretariat)

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In 2005-2011 the Ukraine delegation at the CCAMLR presented to the Scientific Committee a series of documents with a proposal to establish Marine Protected Area (MPA) in the Akademik Vernadsky Station area with the purpose of protecting natural and geographical objects and establish test areas of special scientific interest. We present the results of the first steps in creation of Marine Read More
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Sarah Mackey (CCAMLR Secretariat)

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AMLR krill sampling data was supplied to the Generalised Yield Model as the "vector of recruitments" input option to simulate the population dynamics of krill in the Antarctic Peninsula region (Subarea 48.1) under various assumptions. The annual proportions of krill less than 36 mm in length to the total captured in AMLR net samples in four sampling regions of the Antarctic Peninsula were used Read More
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Sarah Mackey (CCAMLR Secretariat)

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Estimates of population parameters from different configurations of an integrated model under development for Antarctic krill are compared to estimates from CMIX and TrawlCI using the same net trawl data. The different configurations of the integrated model were varied based on whether acoustic data or net densities were used as model inputs for the biomass data, on how the biomass data were Read More
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Sarah Mackey (CCAMLR Secretariat)

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This report presents the results of a method used to explore potential explanatory variables influencing finfish bycatch in the krill fishery of Area 48. Records of finfish bycatch in the Area 48 krill fishery collected by observers on the FV Saga Sea were analysed over the period 2007/08-2011/12. The majority of fish caught were either small juveniles or larvae, dominated by Myctophidae ( Read More
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Sarah Mackey (CCAMLR Secretariat)

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The report presents a methodology that can be used to estimate the total finfish bycatch of the Area 48 krill fishery and quantify the impact of bycatch on the finfish stocks using data that is currently available, applied to data collected by Scientific Observers on the FV Saga Sea.

Estimates of bycatch rates per tonne of catch were made at a family level for Channichthyidae, Read More
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Sarah Mackey (CCAMLR Secretariat)

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This paper describes the main results obtained in krill fishing (Euphausia superba) made by the conventional trawler Betanzos in the Antarctic region (Subareas 48.1, 48.2 and 48.3), between June 2011 and April 2012. This report highlights haul-by haul distribution, catches, trawl depth, fishing yields and length frequency distributions of captured krills.

We recalculated krill biomass for the 2006 BROKE-West (CCAMLR Division 58.4.2) summer survey.  The recalculation was carried out on the calibrated, multi-frequency acoustic data described in Jarvis et al. (2010) Deep-sea Res. Pt II 57:916-933.  Biomass recalculation methods conformed to the CCAMLR guidelines - issued in 2010 via SG-ASAM.  Our revised estimate of mean areal krill Read More
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Sarah Mackey (CCAMLR Secretariat)

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This study reports some preliminary results of the impacts of Ocean Acidification due to elevated seawater pCO₂ on the activity, mortality, moulting of post-larval krill.  Increased CO2 levels increased mortality, reduced activity levels and fitness, and caused moult cycle irregularities. No significant effects on growth rates and intermoult period were observed under Read More
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Sarah Mackey (CCAMLR Secretariat)

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The CCAMLR MPA Workshop on Marine Protected Areas, held in Brest (France) in August 2011, recommended that the Scientific Committee considers supporting three technical workshops including one specific to Planning Domain 5. Planning Domain 5 includes Marion and Prince Edward Islands, the Del Cano Rise and the Crozet Archipelago in the north. It also includes the Ob and Lena seamounts. The Read More
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Sarah Mackey (CCAMLR Secretariat)

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Recent, rapid climate change is now well documented in the Antarctic, particularly in the Antarctic Peninsula region. One of the most evident signs of climate change has been ice shelf collapse; overall, 87% of the Peninsula’s glaciers have retreated in recent decades. Ice shelf collapse will lead to the loss of existing marine habitats and the creation of new habitats. In general, fauna under Read More
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Sarah Mackey (CCAMLR Secretariat)

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Annually (from 1973 to 1991) 1-4 fishing vessels carried out research and scouting operations in the Indian sector of the Southern Ocean (statistical divisions 58.4.1 and 58.4.2) for the purposes of the searching of fishable aggregations of Antarctic krill (Euphausia superba). Commercial fishing for the Antarctic krill in the Indian sector of the Southern Ocean was carried out from Read More
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Sarah Mackey (CCAMLR Secretariat)

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This document analyses and relates long term information on population trends of inshore demersal fish and Antarctic shags of the South Shetland Islands. The analysis is complemented with comparable information on diet, foraging patterns and breeding output of shags from the Danco Coast, western Antarctic Peninsula, an area that has remained out of the influence of the commercial fishery. Read More
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Sarah Mackey (CCAMLR Secretariat)

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We present a synopsis of the US AMLR satellite telemetry data, including both ARGOS and GPS positions estimates, to inform spatial planning efforts in the Antarctic Peninsula and Scotia Sea region. Identifying the patterns of habitat utilization by marine organisms is critical for proper spatial planning. Moreover, the timing and extent of habitat use by multiple species must be considered to Read More
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Sarah Mackey (CCAMLR Secretariat)

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Errors in the growth model used in stock assessments of Antarctic krill, specifically higher rates of growth than occur in reality, could inadvertantly lead to over-exploitation of the krill population and cause impacts on krill predators.  We review the three classes of models available for modelling krill growth – the von Bertalanffy class, the moult-cycle class based on measures of the Read More
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Sarah Mackey (CCAMLR Secretariat)

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One indicator that has been proposed for use in a feedback management system for the krill fishery is an estimate of predator productivity attributable to consumption of harvested species. We illustrate some of the data and methods that could be used for measuring and evaluating this indicator and for designing a monitoring program for a feedback management system.

Fishing for krill Euphasia superba Dana has been conducting using midwater trawls of different constructions including beam-trawl for several last decades.

Not all krill in harvesting zone of midwater trawl got to catch during trawling. Depending on stock structure, size and physiological state of krill individuals some part of them could pass through cover of net bag and Read More
Submitted By:
Sarah Mackey (CCAMLR Secretariat)

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We present a feedback strategy, founded on CEMP data, to adjust the catch limit and the spatial distribution of fishing activity for Antarctic krill in Statistical Area 48. The CEMP currently provides decades-long baseline time series and useful contrasts across areas and species that are both relevant to making inference about the potential for competition between krill-dependent predators Read More
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Sarah Mackey (CCAMLR Secretariat)

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A proposal for a SCOR “Working Group to identify Ecosystem Essential Ocean Variables for measuring change in the biological properties of marine ecosystems” was developed by members of the Southern Ocean Observing System (SOOS) Science Steering Committee in conjuction with discussions amongst members of the Science Steering Committee of the IMBER program, Integrating Climate and Ecosystem Read More
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Sarah Mackey (CCAMLR Secretariat)

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Conservation Measure 91-04 establishes the requirement for research and monitoring plans to support marine protected areas (MPAs).  Although CM 91-04 provides general guidance that such research and monitoring plans shall, to the extent necessary and inter alia, specify “(a) scientific research pursuant to the specific objectives of the MPA; (b) other research consistent with the Read More
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Sarah Mackey (CCAMLR Secretariat)

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The United States and Italy submitted a proposal for a new Antarctic Specially Protected Area (ASPA), accompanied by a Management Plan, to CEP XV, 11-15 June 2012. The plan is entitled Cape Washington and Silverfish Bay, Northern Terra Nova Bay, Ross Sea.

We examined the within- and between- year fluctuations of four Adélie penguin population parameters which are thought to be sensitive to changes in prey availability: breeding success, foraging trip duration, meal mass and fledgling weights. Some years had either good breeding success with heavy fledglings or poor breeding success with light fledglings while others had a lack of concordance Read More
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Sarah Mackey (CCAMLR Secretariat)

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The General Framework for the Establishment of CCAMLR Marine Protected Areas in Conservation Measure 91-04 provides the necessary guidance to the Commission for formulating a conservation measure for a CCAMLR Marine Protected Area and indicates a number of elements where advice may be given by the Scientific Committee.  We propose that a method is needed for consolidating and maintaining Read More
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Admin Admin (CCAMLR Secretariat)

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The authors   analyzed the influence of climate changes on space-time dynamic of Antarctic krill fishery in the Area 48 using the CCAMLR fishery data and time series of ААО induces (Antarctic Oscillation Index) as the indication of climate variability.   Here we used the methods of the integrated ecosystem assessment used by ICES and the modern de-nosing data methods. The Read More
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Sarah Mackey (CCAMLR Secretariat)

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Bottom trawl sample data from two research cruises were used to identify potential VMEs in the South Shetland Islands area.  High biomass densities of VME indicator taxa, meeting the 10 kg/1200 m² threshold previously set (Lockhart & Jones, 2009), were detected for 5 stations around Elephant Island.  However, this threshold is severely biased towards ‘heavy’ taxa ( Read More
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Sarah Mackey (CCAMLR Secretariat)

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This paper briefly outlines the key scientific issues that should be resolved for providing sufficient information with the aim of quantitative understanding regularities and trends of krill spatial distribution in the Area 48 being the important information for developing management strategy for krill stock. It is proposed to developing a long-term-strategy for conducting synoptic surveys Read More
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Sarah Mackey (CCAMLR Secretariat)

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A balanced ecosystem model is used to explore the system-level characteristics of the food-web of the Ross Sea shelf and slope before the advent of commercial fishing for Antarctic toothfish (Dissostichus mawsoni) in the region. We evaluate: (1) biomass and flow of organic matter by trophic level; (2) mixed trophic impact; and (3) ecological importance. Note that the analysis Read More
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Sarah Mackey (CCAMLR Secretariat)

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The diet of Antarctic silverfish (Pleuragramma antarcticum) was evaluated by examining stomach contents of specimens collected in the Ross Sea (71°–77°S, 165°E–180°) in January–March 2008. Silverfish (50–236 mm standard length, SL) and silverfish prey items were analysed for stable isotopic composition of carbon and nitrogen. According to index of relative importance (IRI), the most Read More
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Ms Doro Forck (CCAMLR Secretariat)

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Based on mass balance modeling and mixed trophic impact analysis, cephalopods have been identified as having relatively high importance in the food-web of the Ross Sea. However, information on the trophic ecology of the cephalopod assemblage of the Ross Sea region is poor. Stable isotope signatures of nitrogen (δ¹⁵N) and carbon (δ¹³C) were determined in muscle and beak Read More
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Ms Doro Forck (CCAMLR Secretariat)

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We describe the use of a GIS-based Marine Spatial Planning (MSP) tool designed to aid the development and transparent evaluation of MPA scenarios with reference to spatially explicit protection objectives and cost layers representing rational use in a systematic conservation planning framework.  The MSP tool has been customised to enable rapid set-up and use in any of the nine CCAMLR MPA Read More
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Sarah Mackey (CCAMLR Secretariat)

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This document provides a preliminary version of a  research and monitoring plan to accompany a proposal to CCAMLR for the establishment of a system of MPAs in the Ross Sea region in 2012.

The draft Conservation Measure which with this research and monitoring plan is associated includes eight protection objectives as identified in Sharp & Watters (2011).  Within each of Read More
Submitted By:
Sarah Mackey (CCAMLR Secretariat)

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Studies related to the abundance and reproductive distribution of marine birds have the potential to act as ecological indicators. The western Antarctic Peninsula is one of the three sites in the world with some of the clearest signals of climate warming. The aim of this study was to monitor the distribution and abundance of breeding populations of chinstrap penguin (Pygoscelis antarctica Read More
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Sarah Mackey (CCAMLR Secretariat)

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The 2nd international workshop on the ICED Southern Ocean Sentinel was held at CCAMLR Headquarters on 7-11 May 2012 in Hobart, Australia, hosted by the Australian Antarctic Division and the Antarctic Climate and Ecosystems Cooperative Research Centre.  This paper provides a preliminary report on the discussion on strategies for measuring change in Southern Ocean marine ecosystems, Read More
Submitted By:
Sarah Mackey (CCAMLR Secretariat)

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An analysis of the observer data provided from the krill fishery was undertaken using a range of  complementary methods of data quality control and variance investigation. A sample pooling approach analysis on the other hand revealed the distribution of variance in krill length at different scales and indicated that krill hauled in a given month/season/area were similar enough to be Read More
Submitted By:
Sarah Mackey (CCAMLR Secretariat)

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Brazil has been requested to coordinate the implementation of the review of the Management Plan for the Antarctic Specially Managed Area (ASMA) No. 1, Admiralty Bay, King George Island, South Shetland Archipelago (herein called the Area). The objective of this paper is to inform CCAMLR about the process for the revision and to ask for input into that process following the procedures described Read More
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Sarah Mackey (CCAMLR Secretariat)

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A data checking and validation process was undertaken for the data held in the CCAMLR Ecosystem Monitoring Programme database.  An outcome from this this analysis has provided an opportunity to examine the temporal patterns in the available time series as well as inter-site and inter-species comparisons. A series of questions designed to improve the understanding of the characteristics of Read More
Submitted By:
Sarah Mackey (CCAMLR Secretariat)

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Commercial krill fishing vessels can provide useful data for science and management. The use of such vessels as platforms for survey transects under scientific supervision has already been demonstrated. Here we show that acoustic data of good quality can be collected by observers on board during normal fishing operations in a relatively easy and cheap manner using the Norwegian vessel ‘Saga Read More
Submitted By:
Sarah Mackey (CCAMLR Secretariat)

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During the 2011 season, 22 scientific observation programs were conducted by 9 national and 13 internationally designated scientific observers on board krill vessels operating in the Convention Area.  For the 2012 season, 11 observer programs have been reported, with data available for 2 of these used in this report.

We analyzed the 2010/11 krill observer data to confirm the outcome of recent revisions of krill observation scheme. This paper summarizes the status of observer deployment, sampling protocol and data collection in krill fisheries in 2010/11. All the 12 krill fishing vessels that operated in 2010/11 deployed scientific observers in accordance with the agreed systematic coverage. The observer Read More
Submitted By:
Sarah Mackey (CCAMLR Secretariat)

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We observed whether Antarctic krill escaped from the trawl net or not using an underwater video camera attached on the trawl net of Japanese commercial trawler Fukuei-maru (4,350.62 GT) in 2011. To avoid the influence of camera lighting on krill behavior, the observation was conducted during daytime. Few krill appeared to escape from posterior part of trawl net. When the trawl net caught dense Read More
Submitted By:
Sarah Mackey (CCAMLR Secretariat)

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We examined spatio-temporal variability of krill body length and number of bycatch fish as variables of interest based on the scientific observer data for the 2010/2011 fishing season. Both krill length and number of bycatch fish were analyzed by using a hierarchical Bayesian model composed of multistage cluster units (i.e., month, sub-area, fishing gear, flag state, vessel, cruise, and haul) Read More
Submitted By:
Sarah Mackey (CCAMLR Secretariat)

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To estimate optimal relative sample size of scientific observer data collected on Antarctic krill commercial fishing vessels, we estimated the relationship between statistical precision and sample size by using variance component analysis. Observer datasets on Japanese krill fishery from 1995–2008 were analysed by using a hierarchical Bayesian model. The models were composed of multistage Read More
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Sarah Mackey (CCAMLR Secretariat)

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The first Workshop for developing MPAs in the Domain 1 was held at Valparaiso, Chile, between 28 May and 1 June. At the workshop assisted delegates from 6 countries plus a number of NGOs and representatives from the fishing industry.

Main outcomes of the Workshop were: an agreement on sharing data layers for conducting the analysis; a concerted list of conservation objectives to be Read More
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Sarah Mackey (CCAMLR Secretariat)

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This document outlines a proposal from the British Antarctic Survey (BAS) to provide a Geographical Information System (GIS) for CCAMLR.  The proposal offers a web-based GIS that will provide state-of-the-art capacity for managing spatial data for CCAMLR, particularly the types of information managed by WG-EMM. It also proposes joint working with the Secretariat to enable capacity Read More
Submitted By:
Sarah Mackey (CCAMLR Secretariat)

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Picking up the calling of the ATCM XXXIV to the Treaty Parties to intensify their efforts in using remote sensing techniques for improved monitoring of environment and climate changes in the Antarctic, Germany currently carries out a feasibility study on penguin monitoring using such techniques. Additionally, CEP representatives and scientists discuss on an informal level the need and the Read More
Submitted By:
Sarah Mackey (CCAMLR Secretariat)

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The detailed analysis of a food of the Antarctic species of seals around Argentine islands archipelago, that was spent through out 11 Ukrainian Antarctic expedition (2006-2007), has shown that krill (Euphausia superba) is the main type of food for the major species of seals in region. Krill makes 97,2 % to a diet of fur seals (Arctocephalus gazella) and 90 % to a diet Read More
Submitted By:
Ms Doro Forck (CCAMLR Secretariat)

Publication:
Ukraininan Antarctic Journal, 8 (2009)

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Krill consumption by natural predators represents a critical link between surveys and models of standing krill biomass and the design of a sustainable krill fishery for the Scotia Sea. Antarctic krill (Euphausia superba) is a significant component of diet for penguins breeding in this region and, consequently, uncertainties regarding penguin population abundances contribute to Read More
Submitted By:
Sarah Mackey (CCAMLR Secretariat)

Publication:
Ant. Sci., in press

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Both Macrourus caml and M. whitsoni are probably abundant and widespread in the Ross Sea region at depths between approximately 500 and 2100 m. We present the analysis of stomach contents (including regurgitated stomach contents) from an undifferentiated mixture of 33 specimens of these species (henceforth Macrourus spp.) in the Ross Sea region of the Southern Ocean Read More
Submitted By:
Ms Doro Forck (CCAMLR Secretariat)

Publication:
(In: Orlov, A. (Ed.). Journal of Ichthyology, Special Issue on Grenadiers (accepted))

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Managing fisheries to achieve ecosystem objectives is in its infancy. A general approach for maintaining ecological relationships and providing for the recovery of depleted populations in food webs supporting fisheries is proposed. This paper addresses the following general questions for taking the ecosystem approach in managing fisheries: (i) how might fisheries impact incidentally on an Read More
Submitted By:
Sarah Mackey (CCAMLR Secretariat)

Publication:
CCAMLR Science, 8 (2001): 37–64

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Harvesting of marine living resources in the Southern Ocean is managed by the Commission for the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources (CCAMLR).  CCAMLR is widely known for its ecosystem-approach to managing fisheries with the maintenance of ecological relationships included in the conservation objectives.  In the late 1980s, the precautionary approach of CCAMLR was Read More
Submitted By:
Sarah Mackey (CCAMLR Secretariat)

Publication:
CCAMLR Science, 9 (2002): 233–253

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The Commission for the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources (CCAMLR) is widely recognised as a leading international organisation in developing best-practice in the ecosystem approach to managing fisheries.  CCAMLR provides a useful case study for examining the impediments to implementing ecosystem-based fisheries management (EBFM) because it has EBFM principles embedded Read More
Submitted By:
Sarah Mackey (CCAMLR Secretariat)

Publication:
Fish and Fisheries. 2011. DOI: 10.1111/j.1467-2979.2011.00410.x

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